RIP Articles 370 & 35 a / Krishan Tyagi

Krishan Tyagi a former BBC correspondent elaborates on the issue

Some aspects of Article 370 got diluted over the decades in the fields of judicial system and public administration.

Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.

Article 35A

As mentioned, Article 35A did not have any parliamentary sanction and was supposed to be temporary too.

The Government of India revoked Article 35A through a Presidential Order and abrogated Article 370 by passing an Act through the Indian Parliament in August 2019.

Written by Krishan Tyagi, Editor, Mirror to Mirror (mirrortomirror.org)




These reef-building corals may be at risk of extinction • Earth.com

Reef-building corals in the Red Sea may be at risk of extinction due to the way that spawning events have changed over time, according to a new study.

Broadcast spawning involves the release of both eggs and sperm into open water. But in recent years, spawning events of reef-building corals in the Red Sea are out of sync due to climate change and human activities, which has reduced fertilization success.

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Water found for first time on potentially habitable planet, say astronomers – The Hindu

K2-18b is now the only planet orbiting a star outside the Solar System known to have both water and temperatures that could be potentially habitable

Astronomers have for the first time discovered water in the atmosphere of an exoplanet with Earth-like temperatures that could support life as we know it.

K2-18b, which is eight times the mass of Earth, is now the only planet orbiting a star outside the Solar System, or ‘exoplanet’, known to have both water and temperatures that could be potentially habitable, according to the study published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

The planet orbits the cool dwarf star K2-18, which is about 110 light years from Earth in the Leo constellation, researchers said.

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No respect for beggars – Pak Paper reminds it’s Countrymen

Courtesy: Pakistan Today

Dawn newspaper publishes an article as a rare example of responsible and realistic journalism

“There is no respect for beggars in the international community, especially when our image is portrayed as a state marred by terrorism and economic failure” admits the columnist

“In these circumstances, none of the countries will dare stand with us in these testing times” he adds, “Therefore, the only way to come out of this Kashmir imbroglio is to improve our economic conditions.”

“The current government came to power a year ago with a lot of promises of economic prosperity and investment but it seems none of the targets is being achieved.”

“We tried options like resorting to direct military interventions and using proxies to liberate Kashmir, but all in vain. We did not manage to liberate Kashmir. Similarly, we outsourced jihad to various ‘jaishs’ and ‘lashkars’ but these outfits further defamed us.”

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Janmashtami Special : ITV Launches Water Conservation Program ‘Aakhari Boond’, the Last Drop

Based on the famous story from the Indian epic, Mahabharata, wherein Arjuna, with his arrow, draws a water fountain from the ground to quench the thirst of his Guru, Bhisham Pitamah, ITV launches its Water Conservation campaign, with a creative cartoon




India Gate

India Gate is located in the center of New Delhi in memorial of the British Indian Army who sacrificed their lives in World War I and Anglo-Afghan War fighting for Indian Empire. It was built in command of Edwin Lutyens in 1921.

Amar Jawan Jyoti (the flame of the immortal soldier) is present under the India Gate also known as the Indian Army’s Tomb of unknown soldier. It is burning since 1972. There is a rifle with helmet placed on the shrine along with four tourches that kept burning.

You can see three flags waving at India Gate. Those flags are of Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.

There are names commemorated on India Gate in their memorial of the war dead.

One can reach India Gate by metro or by bus. Neareast metro station is Central Secretariat.

Address: 
Rajpath, India Gate, New Delhi, Delhi 110001




Brandenburg Gate and Holocaust Memorial

The Brandenburg Gate is a neoclassical monument in Berlin, Germany. It was constructed between on the orders of the Prussian King Frederick William II in 1788 and designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans. after the successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution. It was built near the City Gate that was the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg.

This gate was built to represent peace replacing the eariler simple guardhouses. It has also played different important political roles in Germany. When the Prussian lost to the Battle of Jena Auerstedt in 1806, Napolean used the gate for triumphal procession. After the Prussian’s comeback in 1814, they defeated Napolean and then redesigned the gate as a Prussian triumphal arch.

In late 20th century, when the revolution of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and helped in unifying the city of Berlin. For all the murdered jews in the revolution, the German Federal Parliament decided to build a memorial for them which was then designed by Peter Eisenman. This memorial was named Holocaust Memorial.

This memorial consists of a 19,000 m square site covered with 2711 concrete slabs arranged in a grid pattern. There exists an underground place which holds the name of approximately 3 million Jewish Holocaust victims. It’s construction was finished in December, 2004.

Address:
Brandenburg Gate : Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Holocaust Memorial : Cora-Berliner-Straße 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany




Mehrauli Archaeological Park

Mehrauli Archaeological Park which is in Delhi is one of the only places where you would find not one but many monuments of historical importance.The land which spreads over 200 acres hosts about hundred monuments from multiple dynasty that ruled over Delhi including Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, Lodhi Dynasty and the British Raj.

One of the main attractions is Tomb of Balban which was built in 1287 CE as it was the first time for such a true arch and dome to be constructed in India.Some of the notable monuments of the park are :

  • The bastion of Lal Kot fort, Mehrauli.
  • Balban’s tomb, Mehrauli, ca 1287 CE
  • Tomb of Khan Shahid, Balban’s son, Mehrauli.
  • Entrance to Tomb of Khan Shahid, son of Balban
  • Steps of Rajon Ki Baoli
  • Walled mosque adjacent to the Baoli
  • Gandhak ki Baoli, another stepwell beyond Rajon Ki Baoli.
  • Dargah of Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, beyond Rajon Ki Baoli.
  • Tomb and wall mosque in Mehrauli Archaeological Park.
  • Bagichi Ki Masjid, Mehrauli.
  • British Agent, Sir Thomas Metcalfe’s Guest House at Dilkusha close to Quli Khan’s tomb.
  • Pavilion tomb and grave platform, Mehrauli Archaeological Park.
  • Tomb in Mehrauli Archaeological Park.
  • Ruined homes near Balban’s tomb

One can reach Lodhi Garden by metro or by bus. Neareast metro station is Qutub Minar.

Address: 
Anuvrat Marg, Opposite Qutub Minar Metro Station, Christian Colony, Mehrauli, New Delhi, Delhi 110030




Lodhi Garden

Lodhi Garden is basically a city park located near the center of New Delhi. Lodi’s ruled northern India including the modern day Pakistan from 1451 – 1526. This site is now protected by Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Lodi did a lot of architectural works in the 15th century which are now characterised as heritage sites.

  • The Tomb of Mohammad Shah:  It was built in 1444 and is the earliest of the tombs in the garden. Built by Ala-ud-din Alam Shah, this tomb is visible from the roads and it’s architectural shape is octagonal .
  • Sikander Lodi Tomb:  This tomb is similar to the Mohammad Shah’s tomb. It was built by his son, Ibrahim Lodi in 1517. Ibrahim Lodi was the last Sultan of Delhi from Lodi dynasty as he was defeated by Babur. It is the first garden-tomb in India. It is enclosed within a complex having two domes in the shape of umbrella.
  • Bara Gumbad: It is a large rubble-construct dome. It is a gateway to the three domed masjid. It was built by Sikander Lodi in 1490 with a height of 29m. It belongs to a group of monuments that include a Friday mosque. It is believed to be the earliest of all the construction done in Lodi Garden.
  • Shisha Gumbad: It was also built by Sikander Lodi in 1489 – 1517, the exact date is not known. It is named Shisha Gumbad due to the glazed tiles which contains the remains of an unknown family. It houses tombs of an unknown family belonging to the Lodhi Family.

One can reach Lodhi Garden by metro or by bus. Neareast metro station is Jor Bagh.

Address: 
Lodhi Rd, Lodhi Gardens, Lodhi Estate, New Delhi, Delhi 110003




Humayun’s Tomb

The tomb was built on the orders of Humayun’s wife and the chief consort, Bega Begum. It was the first garden-tomb in India and is located in Nizamuddin East, Delhi. Besides the main tomb, there are lots of smaller structures that are present on the pathway which leads our way to the main tomb. The tomb was also declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. Since then, it has gone a lot of restoration work.It is the first monument to use red sandstone at such a scale. It was designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son. It is placed at the centre of Char Bagh, a 30 acre garden with quadrilateral layout. It also contains a lot of other smaller monuments. Some of them are:

  • Tomb of mosque and Isa Khan: An octagonal tomb present at the pathway to the main tomb.
  • Afsarwala Tomb and Garden: It is present on the southwest end of the complex. It’s actual date of construction is still not known. One of the marble inside the tomb is dated 1566.
  • Nila Gumbad: It stands just outside the boundary of the complex previously known as Nila Burj. It was named this because of its blue glazed tiles. Built by Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana.

One can reach Red Fort by metro or by bus although it is more convenient by Metro only. Nearest metro station is Kailash Colony.

Address: 
Mathura Road Opposite, Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia Dargah, Nizamuddin, New Delhi, Delhi 110013